Home \ Proteins and peptides \ Oxidized PAPC
Oxidized PAPC-0
Catalog # HC4036-5mG

Oxidized PAPC

1,036.00

Please choose the quantity of items you wish to add to your cart…
Find distributor

Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) is a prototypic biologically active oxidized phospholipid first isolated from LDL minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL). OxPAPC is an active principle of MM-LDL that mimics several pro- and anti-inflammatory effects induced by oxidized lipoproteins. Oxidation of PAPC generates a mixture of oxidized phospholipids containing either fragmented or full-length oxygenated sn-2 residues. The best-characterized oxidatively fragmented species contain a five-carbon sn-2 residue bearing omega-aldehyde or omega-carboxyl groups. Oxydation of arachidonic acid residue also produces phospholipids containing esterified isoprostanes. Both fragmented and full-length oxygenated species can regulate immune reactions. Pro-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC include stimulation of endothelial cells to bind monocytes and induction of tissue clotting factor, IL-8, MCP-1, G-CSF and other mediators of atherothrombosis. Anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC are mediated by induction of protective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 as well as suppression of innate immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to inhibition of LPS recognition by LPS-binding protein (LBP) and CD14. OxPAPC is active in vivo and was shown to protect mice in several models of acute inflammation induced by bacterial products. In addition, oxidized phospholipids present in OxPAPC are recognised by scavenger receptor CD36 and auto-antibodies present in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Biological activities of OxPAPC are mediated by a variety of signal transduction mechanisms, including elevation of cAMP and Ca2+ levels, activation of MAP kinases, PI-3-kinase and small GTPases Rac-1 and Cdc42. OxPAPC-induced gene expression is mediated by transcription factors such as Egr-1, NFAT, CREB, NRF2, ATF4 but does not involve NFkB-dependent transcription. For biological tests we recommend to use 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAPC, cat.# HC4043) as negative unoxidized controls.

Use
1. For use of total amount in once: Add buffer or medium used in the experiment and resuspend lipids by vigorous vortexing for at least 30 seconds. Warm the vial up to 30 °C and vortex again for 1 minute. Avoid preparing concentrated stocks since OxPAPC is poorly soluble in water. Sonicate if necessary to ensure better resuspension of OxPAPC, although that is usually not necessary at concentrations below 150 µg/ml. The concentration range in which OxPAPC can be used depends on the cell type, but usually is below 100 µg/ml. High concentrations of OxPAPC can be toxic. For every new cell and assay type it is recommended to determine time- and concentration dependence.
2. For use of partial amount: Add chloroform to the vial to obtain lipid concentration of 1 to 10 mg/ml and carefully vortex avoiding contact of the solvent with vial cap. Aliquot OxPAPC solution into sterile glass (optimal) or polypropylene cell culture tubes. Before use check if the tubes are resistant to chloroform. Evaporate chloroform under a stream of nitrogen or argon gas with simultaneous vortexing in order to obtain a thin film of lipid on the tube walls. Resuspend in culture medium according to par. 1.

Product type
Proteins
Amount
5 mg
Species
N/A
Formulation
5 mg dried OxPAPC prepared by air oxidation of synthetic PAPC according to ref. 1, packed under argon.
Storage and stability
After arrival product should be stored at -20 °C or -70 °C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for one year. Aliquots prepared in chloroform can be stored at preferably -70 °C for a few months.
Precautions
For research use only. Not for use in or on humans or animals or for diagnostics. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all local/state and federal rules in the use of this product. Hycult Biotech is not responsible for any patent infringements that might result from the use or derivation of this product.
Disease
Cardiology and metabolism, Tumor immunology
CoA-TDS Protein
HC4036
69 kb

You may also like…

You may be interested in…

Calculate your ELISA data easily

With the ELISA calculator you can easily calculate ELISA data. Assayfit Pro helps to perform curve fitting. The calculator generates advanced reports, fit graph, fit parameters and goodness of fit are shown.

Contact us