Human acute phase Serum Amyloid A protein, SAA, as inflammatory marker
Human SAA ELISA for detection in urine, plasma and serum
Human SAA and inflammation
§ Serum amyloid A (SAA) is predominantly produced by the liver
§ Extra-hepatic production by macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, artherosclerotic lesions, tumors and synovial tissue
§ Four different genes in human produce SAA. SAA-1 is the predominant form in plasma
§ SAA is a major acute phase protein
§ Belongs to family of pentraxins (i.e. PTX3, CRP)
§ SAA functions as chemo-attractant
Human SAA detection in urine
§ To exclude matrix influence, urine with low SAA (#15) and urine with higher SAA (#16) concentration were mixed in different ratios
§ The calculated concentration of human SAA was plotted versus the expected concentration of human SAA (Fig 1)

Evaluation of matrix-influence
§ To exclude matrix influence, several serum and urine samples were diluted and recovery was calculated (Fig 1)
§ Minimal dilutions of 5x and 50x are recommended for urine and serum, respectively

§ SAA is an early indicator for transplant rejection
§ Increase in human SAA within hours after bacterial as well as viral infection
§ predictor for coronary artery disease in women
§ SAA functions in various physiological and pathological processes
§ SAA is linked to inflammation, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, AA-amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neoplasia.
§ sensitive marker of acute inflammatory state

§ Unique assay for measurement in urine
§ Human SAA concentration rises earlier and sharper than acute phase protein CRP
§ Human SAA is increased after bacterial as well as viral infection
§ Benchtop stability of standard > 95% (2 hrs RT; o/n 4 °C)
§ Working time of 2.5 hours
§ 100 µl sample/well
§ Detection limit 3.1 ng/ml
§ Useful for serum, plasma, fat-biopts and urine
§ Detection of natural SAA-1
§ Normal values in serum and plasma range from 1-5 µg/ml
§ Acute inflammation may results in 1000-fold increase in human SAA
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