Name
TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.1
Catalog nr
HM2064
(lot number and expiry date are indicated on the label)
Short description
The monoclonal antibody TL2.1 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, CD282). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and are involved in the innate defence to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defences. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling ...
Size
100 µg
Application
F
,
FC
,
FS
,
IF
,
IP
,
P
,
W
Technical datasheet
Description
The monoclonal antibody TL2.1 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, CD282). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and are involved in the innate defence to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defences. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities. They have been implicated in the innate host defence to pathogens. TLR2 is expressed on macrophages, smooth muscle, lung, spleen, thymus, brain and adipose tissue.
TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. A functional interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 in the cellular response to various bacterial products has been discovered. TLR2 cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. It cooperates with TLR1 to mediate te innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. It acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-κ-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. TLR2 also promotes apoptosis in response to lipoproteins.
Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, S. aureus, B Burgdorferi, T pallidum, M fermentans and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.
The monoclonal antibody TL2.1 is a TLR2 function blocking antibody that is useful for studies on the role of TLR2 as a pattern recognition receptor in microbial products induced cytokine production by TLR2 bearing cells such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. A functional interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 in the cellular response to various bacterial products has been discovered. TLR2 cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. It cooperates with TLR1 to mediate te innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. It acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-κ-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. TLR2 also promotes apoptosis in response to lipoproteins.
Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, S. aureus, B Burgdorferi, T pallidum, M fermentans and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.
The monoclonal antibody TL2.1 is a TLR2 function blocking antibody that is useful for studies on the role of TLR2 as a pattern recognition receptor in microbial products induced cytokine production by TLR2 bearing cells such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Cross Reactivity
| Cross reactant | Reactivity |
| Canine | Yes |
| Cynomolgus monkey | Yes |
| Rhesus monkey | Yes |
| Marmoset monkey | Yes |
Immunogen
Recombinant human TLR2 produced by the CHO/CD14 reporter cell line
Formulation
1 ml (100 µg/ml) 0.2 µm filtered antibody solution in PBS, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin.
Species
Mouse IgG2a
Application
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
N.D.= Not Determined; F = Frozen sections; FC = Flow Cytometry; FS = Functional Studies; IA = Immuno Assays; IF = Immuno Fluorescence; IP = Immuno Precipitation; P = Paraffin sections; W = Western blot Application FC has been tested by Hycult Biotech. |
Application notes
FC: 2 µg antibody per 300000 cells; untreated as well as 0.4 % formaldehyde fixed cells can be used; do not permeabilize the cells or use 4 % faraformaldehyde as fixative! (Ref 5)
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TLR2 staining in human spleen by using mAb TL2.1. (10µg/ml)
IF: HMECs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS, permeabilized and blocked before staining; antibody concentration used 5-10 µg/ml
W: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; non-reduced; 1 µg/ml antibody; size ~90 kDa
F: fixed in acetone; 3 % H2O2 for blockade of endogenous peroxidases; human tonsils as positive control (useful, but clone TL2.3 (HM2066) is preferred; Ref 2)
P: HOPE-fixed;alveolar epithelial cells type II in human lung as positive control; 1 µg/ml antibody for 16 hr at 4 °C (Ref 4)
IP: lysed monocytes were immunoprecipitated with antibody-conjugated Sepharose; size ~90 kDa (Ref 2)
FS: 1 µg/5x107 cells; antibody blocks TNFa release (induced by bacteria) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Ref 1)
TLR2 staining in human spleen by using mAb TL2.1. (10µg/ml)
Use
For immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting, dilutions to be used depend on detection system applied. It is recommended that users test the reagent and determine their own optimal dilutions. The typical starting working dilution is 1:50. For functional studies, in vitro dilutions have to be optimized in user's experimental setting.
Aliases
CD282, TLR2
Positive control
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes and monocytes.
Storage and stability
Product should be stored at 4°C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for at least one year. The exact expiry date is indicated on the label
References
1. Lien, E et al; Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. J Biol Chem 1999, 274: 33419
2. Flo, T et al; Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69: 474
3. Faure, E et al; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J Immunol 2001, 166: 2018
4. Droemann, D et al; Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2003, 119: 103
5. Burgener, I et al; Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008, 124; 184
2. Flo, T et al; Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69: 474
3. Faure, E et al; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J Immunol 2001, 166: 2018
4. Droemann, D et al; Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2003, 119: 103
5. Burgener, I et al; Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008, 124; 184
Precautions
For research use only. Not for use in or on humans or animals or for diagnostics. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all local/state and federal rules in the use of this product. The human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is Patent protected by US Patent no. US 7,071,310. License rights on the Patent are acquired from Leiv Eriksson Nukaping AS, Norway. Hycult Biotech is not responsible for any patent infringements that might result with the use or derivation of this product.
Also available
| HM2064F | TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.1, FITC |
| HM2065 | TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.1, biotinylated |
| HM2066 | TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.3 |
| HM2067 | TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.3, biotinylated |
| HM2085 | TLR1, Human, mAb GD2.F4 |
References
1. Lien, E et al; Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. J Biol Chem 1999, 274: 33419
2. Flo, T et al; Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69: 474
3. Faure, E et al; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J Immunol 2001, 166: 2018
4. Droemann, D et al; Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2003, 119: 103
5. Burgener, I et al; Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008, 124; 184
2. Flo, T et al; Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69: 474
3. Faure, E et al; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J Immunol 2001, 166: 2018
4. Droemann, D et al; Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2003, 119: 103
5. Burgener, I et al; Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008, 124; 184
Protocols
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Protocols
| Related products | Cat # | |
|---|---|---|
| TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.3, biotinylated | HM2067 | |
| TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.3 | HM2066 | |
| TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.1, FITC | HM2064F | |
| TLR2, Human, mAb TL2.1, biotinylated | HM2065 | |
| TLR1, Human, mAb GD2.F4 | HM2085 | |