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Catalog # HM2377

C3 (beta-chain), Human, clone 169.5

The antibody clone 169.5 recognize the human ß chain in complement C3. The ß chain (71 kDa) is, next to C3, present in the activation products C3b, iC3b and C3c.

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Exploring the C3 (Beta-Chain) and Its Crucial Role in the Complement System

The C3 (beta-chain) plays a pivotal role in the body’s immune response, recognized by the antibody clone 169.5. This specific ß chain of C3, weighing 71 kDa, is not only a part of C3 but also found in its activation products C3b, iC3b, and C3c. The complement system, where the C3 (beta-chain) is a key component, is integral to both innate and adaptive immune responses, offering protection against pathogens through inflammatory reactions.

Comprising a complex family of proteins and receptors, the complement system is present in circulation, tissues, and various body fluids. There are three pathways of complement activation: the classical pathway initiated by immune complexes, the lectin pathway by surface-bound lectins, and the alternative pathway (AP) activated by unprotected surfaces. Each pathway generates a C3 convertase, a serine protease that cleaves the central complement protein C3, leading to the formation of C3b.

C3 Synthesis and its importance

The C3 (beta-chain) is also central to the formation of C3 and C5 convertases, which are enzymatic complexes that drive the activity of the complement pathways, eventually leading to the formation of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC). The synthesis of C3, with a molecular weight of approximately 185kDa, is tissue-specific and modulated by various stimulants. Notably, C3 is the most abundant complement system protein with serum levels around 1.3 mg/ml.

Dual role of C3

Upon cleavage by C3 convertase, the anaphylotoxin C3a and the activating fragment C3b are formed. C3b, when bound to the cell surface, initiates the terminal pathway of complement, leading to the formation of C5 convertase. Produced primarily by the liver, C3 is also synthesized in macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells.

The high levels of C3 (beta-chain) in circulation, combined with its low biological reactivity, enable a fast and potent response to dangers such as pathogens. However, defects in C3 can lead to recurrent infections or autoimmune diseases. C3 deficiency, though rare, results in recurrent infections and impaired immune cell development. Additionally, polymorphisms in C3 have been linked to conditions like AMD and aHUS.

The C3 (beta-chain) removes immune complexes, aiding macrophages’ phagocytic capacity. Malfunction in this system can cause autoimmune diseases, stressing C3’s role in immune balance.

Not sure which C3 antibody to use?
With numerous options available, it is essential to select the right C3 antibody to ensure the success of your research. We designed a guide to assist you in making an informed decision:

Go to our C3 researcher’s guide and choose the right antibody

Application
Western blot

Application Notes
W: the monoclonal antibody is useful for Western blotting under non-reduced conditions. The expected band size is 71 kDa.

Use
Dilutions to be used depend on detection system applied. It is recommended that users test the reagent and determine their own optimal dilutions. The typical starting working dilution is 1:50.

Product type
Monoclonal antibodies
Amount
100 µg, 20 µg
Formulation
0.2 µm filtered in PBS+0.1%BSA+0.02%NaN3
Immunogen
Denatured and reduced C3
Isotype
Mouse IgG1
Species
Human
Storage and stability
Product should be stored at 4°C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for at least one year.
Precautions
For research use only. Not for use in or on humans or animals or for diagnostics. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all local/state and federal rules in the use of this product. Hycult Biotech is not responsible for any patent infringements that might result from the use or derivation of this product.
CoA-TDS Safety Data Sheet

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