IL-10, Human, clone 3C12C12

The monoclonal antibody 3C12C12 is an antibody directed against human cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10). This cytokine is produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. It has strong anti-inflammatory properties and is therefore key in protecting the host from tissue damage during acute phases of immune responses. IL10 down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 binds IL-10R, a dimeric receptor composed of a high affinity IL-10R1 chain predominantly expressed on leukocytes and unique to IL-10 recognition, and an ubiquitously expressed IL-10R2 chain involved in the recognition of other cytokines from the IL-10 family (IL-22, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of IL-10 with IL-10R triggers the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, leading to STAT1, STAT3, and, in some instances, STAT5 activation. STAT3 is critical for IL-10 effects on immune cells. Knockout studies in mice suggested that IL10 is an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in the IL10 gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.