Classical pathway
The complement system is an important component of innate immunity. The physiological functions of the complement system include defending against pathogens invasion, clearance of immune complex and apoptotic debris, and maintaining haemostatic balance. The classical pathway is activated when antibodies-antigen complexes are recognised by C1q. These immune complexes trigger a cascade of complment proteins to bind and activate one another, under normal physiological conditions ultimately leading to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that punctures and destroys the pathogen’s cell membrane.
C1q, a key player in the classical complement pathway, seamlessly bridges innate and adaptive immunity. As part of the C1 complex, along with C1r and C1s, it activates upon binding to antibody-antigen complexes. This vital function positions C1q as an essential mediator in immune clearance, preventing overstimulation.
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