S100P, human, mAb, clone 4B12

The mouse monoclonal antibody cocktail 6D1/6G4 is specifically engineered to identify mouse myeloperoxidase (MPO), a critical enzyme in the body’s immune response system. MPO, a glycoprotein, originates as a single precursor before being cleaved into alpha and beta chains. In humans, the active form of MPO constitutes a 150 kDa tetramer, incorporating two glycosylated alpha chains weighing between 59-64 kDa and two 14 kDa beta chains. Predominantly stored in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, MPO is released into the phagosome and the extracellular space under inflammatory conditions, catalyzing the transformation of chloride and hydrogen peroxide into hypochlorite. This potent oxidant plays a pivotal role in the body’s defense against microbial invaders.

Research underscores MPO’s involvement in numerous human conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, airway inflammation, lung cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Elevated serum levels of MPO have been positively linked to cardiovascular disease, positioning MPO as a potential diagnostic marker for identifying patients at elevated risk of cardiac incidents. Additionally, MPO is a target of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in certain autoimmune diseases. Experiments involving MPO-knockout mice have demonstrated their heightened vulnerability to pneumonia following intratracheal infections and an increased propensity for arteriosclerotic plaque development compared to their wild-type counterparts. These mice also show increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalitis, a T cell-mediated neurological disorder.